"Content Creators and Users" -- What's in a Word?

Since leaving BigLaw to start the BrickHouse Law Group, we have spent a lot of time trying to describe our ideal clients.  Who are they?  What do they have in common with each other?

We have years of experience representing large companies in intellectual property and complex commercial litigation, but we also have worked with entrepreneurs and smaller businesses in all aspects of IP counseling.  As a small firm building its brand identity, we cannot be--and do not want to be--all things to all people.  

Ultimately, we believe our clients are best described as "Content Creators and Users" -- meaning anyone who creates, distibutes, or otherwise uses "content" in their business.  This certainly includes media, entertainment, advertising, marketing and interactive companies who create and/or use "content" protected by copyright or trademark--these clients bring their own special brand of creativity to the work they do, and they often employ or contract with creative people in the process.  Of course this can also include any business that operates a website (Hello? Everyone?), because the "content" on those websites comes from people or businesses utilizing their creative skills.

But what is "Content"? I thought I knew what I meant by that term until I read a very thought-provoking post this morning, entitled "I Hate the Word 'Content'", by Jonathan Salem Baskin on his Dim Bulb blog.  Speaking primarily to marketers and branding agencies (but also touching a much wider group of net denizens), Baskin makes a strong argument that in calling everything that goes inside the frame "content," we are collectively genericizing--and thereby reducing or even eliminating--the unique, qualitative nature and value of what is created and who is creating it.  Read the entire post, because I don't want to over-simplify it, but I think his opening paragraph states the problem well:

Calling the output of writers, musicians, moviemakers and even the artisans of branding's dark arts "content" is like referencing the substance of every meal "food," or labeling the specific events of human experience "life."

Baskin's lament about how this genericization of "content" is adversely affecting the marketing and branding industry is equally applicable in the intellectual property context. 

While it's true that short descriptive terms often aid us in understanding broader concepts--for example, it can be helpful to differentiate "content" (the product of creativity in some form) from "data" (a collection of factual information)--simply referring to all things creative as "content" can be very dangerous from an intellectual property rights perspective. 

No matter how you look at it, not all "content" is the same.  It is critically important to understand the qualitative differences in what content is being created, how it can be used, and how it can be protected. "Content" on a website, for example, may be made up of code, text and images protected by Copyright, logos or brand identities protected by Trademark, personal identities protected by Rights of Publicity or Rights of Privacy, or any combination of these.  Various and interconnected components of the same "content," therefore, might have different owners, different usage rights and different legal risks. The same is true for almost any type of "content" in almost any medium.  Geoff's Right of Publicity post on the Olivia Munn comic book fracas points out some of these nuances that are easily missed.  One simply cannot make good business decisions about the creation and use of "content" without appreciating the different creators and rights involved.

I still think it is appropriate to describe our ideal clients as "Content Creators and Users."  In the limited context in which we use the word, I think it fits.  However, Baskin's post serves as a good reminder that "Content" is just a surface word -- the value is in what lies underneath. 

"Never Stop Litigating"? North Face and South Butt Settle Trademark Suit

Not exactly "on the courthouse steps", but close enough -- on the Friday before a scheduled Monday Preliminary Injunction hearing, the North Face and the South Butt settled their often entertaining, sometimes confounding, and always media-driven trademark suit.  Details of the settlement have not been disclosed (which is not surprising), but the Court has entered a permanent injunction against South Butt -- meaning that "Little Jimmy Winkleman" will have to start a new business to pay for college (unless of course the settlement takes care of his tuition bills.) Here is a .PDF copy of the Consent Injunction (courtesy of PACER).

So what to make of this settlement?  The case has always been hard to pin down, because it has been played in the media as a parody case, but the issue has never really been whether someone can tell the difference between a face and a butt.  Many have questioned the North Face's strategy of pursuing litigation--in essence, creating a vastly bigger market for South Butt goods simply from the publicity of the lawsuit.  (I think there are at least two more lengthy blog posts here!) In the end, however, it appears that the North Face got what it wanted -- the end of South Butt.  Hopefully it was worth the attorney's fees and the negative publicity (and whatever it's paying to Little Jimmy, if anything).

As of this writing, the South Butt's website is still up and appears to be still selling product -- apparently in violation of the Consent Injuntion.  This may be a simple delay in follow-through, or it could be that the North Face is permitting South Butt to sell off its remaining inventory as part of the settlement. 

There is one more possibility -- under the terms of the Consent Injunction, South Butt could still sell products under its South Butt marks with "the express written permission" of North Face -- under a license, for example.  Such an arrangement would seem to be quite inconsistent with North Faces' strategy all along, not to mention the quality control issues involved with such a license, but in this case, perhaps it's safer to say "never stop watching."

North Face and South Butt Take the Gloves Off at Deposition

Litigators know that from time to time, tempers will flare at a deposition. In the normal case, it's just part of the overall process and the rest of the world never learns about it.

It's becoming increasingly clear, however, that North Face v. South Butt is NOT a normal case. Yesterday's American Lawyer ran a story first reported in St. Louis's Riverfront Times about some craziness at the deposition of Defendant Jimmy Winkleman's father just last Friday. Seems the senior Winkleman alleged that one of North Face's lawfirms, Bryan Cave, had a conflict of interest because it had represented him numerous times in the past. Bryan Cave denies any conflict, claiming it went through its normal conflicts clearance process.

I don't know if there is a conflict or not, but there is no doubt that this case seems to be getting tried on every issue but the one that actually matters -- whether there is likelihood of confusion between the two marks. That will be determined by admissible survey evidence -- not the informal "butt versus face" type of analysis that South Butt's website and attorney are driving in the press.  

The preliminary injunction hearing is scheduled for April 12, so we'll know soon enough. Until then, we'll keep watching this case, which South Butt's attorney Albert Watkins recently described in particularly graphic language.  One thing's for certain -- lots of attorney's fees are being generated. In some circles, that alone would justify Watkins' description!

Billable Hour Surprises: How Lawyers are like Auto Mechanics

Why should any lawyer be surprised that clients don't like the uncertainty of hourly billing? Have you ever taken a car into the shop and been surprised by how much a repair cost?

Let me start by making it clear that I like my auto mechanic. I've taken my cars to the same neighborhood shop for a number of years and have always been pleased and satisfied with the quality of the work and the level of customer service. And even though my car has been in the shop for more than a week now, I'm still satisfied that I've taken it to the right place.

Until this past week, however, I never realized how much auto mechanics are like billable hour lawyers. My ordeal started with steam billowing out from under my hood as I pulled up in front of my house. Like many legal clients, I didn't know exactly what was wrong, but I knew I had a problem. 

With a few prayers (and some less than complete stops at stop signs), I made it to the auto repair shop. Here's a synopsis of my subsequent conversation with the mechanic:

Mechanic: "Well, Pete, you've got a broken thingamawhatsit hose, but we have to take the engine block apart to get to it."

Me: "Can you fix it? 

Mechanic: "Sure, but we won't know if we need to fix anything else until we get the engine block apart and order the part. Call back on Thursday."

Me: "Thursday? Wow, that seems like a long time--about how much will this cost?"

Mechanic: "Well, that depends. This is a labor-intensive job--probably about 5 hours of labor, plus parts, but there's a lot we don't know yet." 

Starting to sound familiar? It's now been 8 days since I took the car in, and the "investigation" alone has taken more than 5 hours, not to mention the total amount of time it will eventually take to fix the problem. And there's not a thing I can do about it because they have my car in the shop, with it's hood open and engine parts disassembled. I just have to see it through to the end and hope the bill isn't too large.

That's the experience most legal clients have when they pay by the hour. Like I said, I like my mechanic, but I'm becoming more and more convinced that there is a better way to bill my clients.

UPDATE (3/2/10): I Picked up my car last night. It runs great, but the $1500 bill was about twice what I expected from my initial conversation with the mechanic.  To be fair, he kept me apprised of everything they had to do, so I knew the bill was creeping up, but it was still a shock. The lesson: even the best customer service in a pure billable hour situation can be very frustrating.

"Attractive Nuisance" or "Acoustic Nuisance": Trademark Challenges and Rock Band Names

I learned early on in my "musical career" (I love saying that!) that if I was willing to just play rhythm guitar, I always had a place in the band. That's me in the blue hat, playing with my law school band at the late, lamented King Louie's in St. Louis, before it was the elegant restaurant it later became.

Like many budding rockstars, we thought we sounded way better than we actually did, and we had to have a cool band name. Being dorky law students, we couldn't resist taking a name from Torts class: "Attractive Nuisance." That's right--as a band, we were a swimming pool without a fence.

Those fond memories of coolness came flooding back to me the other day when I saw this article in the ABA Journal about trademark challenges surrounding rock band names. Apparently all the cool band names have been taken by other bands, or else they are trademarks for some other class of goods or services, like Captain AmericaWhat's the next great band to do?

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Character of the Week: Olympic Mascots

A day late and probably many dollars short, I'm late with the Character of the Week because I've been trying to instill a love of the modern Olympics in my nine-year-old son. Does anybody else notice a difference in interest based on age? That is why my Character of the week is (are) the Olympic Mascots.

And yes, I mean all of the "official" mascots. The 2008 Beijing Summer Olympics has all of the prior mascots collected here, and it has an explanation of its own successful mascots here. From the summer of '72 when "Waldi" the multi-colored dachshund was the mascot chosen to represent the resistance, tenacity, and agility of the athletes and express the gaiety and joy of the Olympic festival in Munich through today, each host-city Olympic organizing committee has used a character or group of characters to represent the brand for their particular games. An extremely difficult task, more often criticized than praised, each mascot must be created, designed, introduced and retired in something less than six years. The mascots are the subject of an immense marketing drive and, if the committees who own them have their way, a proportionately large return on the investment.

A mascot is often developed as a fictional spokes-model to represent a brand. As characters representing brand identity, mascots operate as trademarks. Like other marks, mascots must be protected with a vigilant, enforcement effort or the investment mascot can be easily wiped away. The intense exposure for Olympic mascots means they need to be tough. As the 2010 Vancouver Olympic games progress, they present a case study in mascot creation, enforcement, and protection as the value of the Vancouver mascots is threatened by an Internet meme.

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Listening: The Non-Delagable Component of Project Management

Have you ever driven by a construction site and wondered "Who actually knows what's going on here?" Somebody must. Even the Empire State Building was completed ahead of schedule.  But what does this have to do with a law practice? 

The other day we had a very productive meeting with a client for whom we had just completed a fixed-fee engagement. That engagement had been short in duration, limited by a date-certain event, and we were able to meet the client's needs at a price all agreed was reasonable and appropriate.

We were very happy, then, when the client engaged us again. At first, however, this new project appeared to be more open-ended, with less clearly defined parameters, and we grappled a bit with how to price it. Nevertheless, by the end of our meeting, we all felt fairly comfortable that we had defined what was in the engagement and what was not. 

When we got back to the office, we started to identify the specific tasks needed to achieve the client's goals, how much time they would take, who would do what, and--most importantly--how we would keep ourselves on task to make sure we could deliver the quality the client expected in an efficient manner. In short--how were we going to manage this project?

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Character of the Week: Kermit the Frog

Sunday, I was a guest on The Podge Cast. I'll let you know when that session is up on their site. We talked about a number of things, including how individuals may use right of publicity and trademark to protect their fame. I blurted out that I would start a related, recurring feature on this blog about how fictional characters protect their fame.

That's right. Some fictional characters start to take on a life of their own and there are a number of legal rights that protect intellectual property interests in characters. It is something I have spent a lot of time doing and I enjoy it enough that it makes sense to write about at least once a week. So here goes. My first character of the week: Kermit the Frog.

As with many of the iconic characters in popular culture, Kermit evolved over time. Originally a faintly defined reptile or amphibian sock puppet with ping-pong-ball eyes, Kermit acquired additional traits and greater definition over time. Eventually, he came to be known as an anthropomorphic frog who grew up in a swamp and traveled across the country to make it big in show business, His fame grew from a local D.C. area TV station, to nationwide appearances on public television on Sesame Street for the Children's Television Workshop, to fronting the prime-time broadcast of The Muppet Show on a major broadcast network, to Hollywood stardom in a bio-pic on the silver screen.

We watched his career grow from TV-news correspondent, to variety-show host, to actor, director and producer. At the same time, we learned about his fears, friendships, and loves. He is the shy celebrity, uncomfortable with fame. But, he became so famous that the world has a hard time telling where fiction ends and reality begins. Last fall, he escorted Lady Gaga to the MTV Video Awards and with a kiss, created a scandal that earned him an interview with People magazine.

Just as with any real-life celebrity, the fame associated with Kermit is a valuable, intangible property. Intellectual-property law protects that value in a number of ways.

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Right Of Publicity Is Not Copyright: Free Speech Pitfalls For Comic Book Artists, Publishers & Sellers

Online comic book store Heavy Ink gave a strong response to Olivia Munn's attorneys: "shove it." Olivia Munn is co-host of G4's Attack of the Show, an actress, and most recently the cover model for January's Maxim. Her attorneys are opposed to Heavy Ink's sale of the Celebrity Showdown Olivia Munn One Shot #1 comic from creator Brian Denham and Antarctic Press

In their cease and desist (jpg), Ms. Mann's attorneys demanded that Heavy Ink, the seller, take down a webpage link for the comic book and demanded that they destroy all copies of the comic. Don't know if her attorneys have gone after the publisher. They addressed their demands to Heavy Ink's DMCA Agent, which may have confused the folks at Heavy Ink into thinking that this was a copyright issue. It is not. Ms. Mann asserts her exclusive rights to "use or exploit her image and/or name in any manner whatsoever." This invokes the right of publicity, not copyright.

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"Musical Prozac" -- The Angel Band Project

Sometimes you get lucky and get to work on something that you just feel good about. 

That's the case right now.  We're helping some good friends with an amazing project that's all about turning horrible grief into something lasting and uplifting.  Please check out The Angel Band Project -- a very special project and a cool blog, too.

This is a great example of talented, compassionate people coming together to create something bigger than themselves, and bigger than the tragedy that first devastated -- then motivated -- them.  It is a powerfully moving tribute to a brave lost friend, to be sure, but it has also grown into much more than that.  In part that's because of the fantastic mix of music being created, but also because of the charitable cause it will support. 

Geoff and I are proud to be doing a small part, but many others are donating their time and talent as well -- just check out this latest post about last weekend's recording session in Chicago and all of the really cool people involved. 

Want more information?  You can read the Angel Band Project's blog, follow them on Twitter, or become a fan of their Facebook page.  It's their story, not ours.  Suffice to say that if you or someone you know has been a victim of sexual violence, this project will be especially meaningful. 

If you just love good music made well, then I bet you'll dig it, too.